PART 5: CHAPTER 1

Bibliography

The following bibliography provides a listing of the resources relied upon by the Commission in drafting and formulating this Report. The Commission acknowledges that it lacks completeness and does not include all footnote or endnote references. Specific source citations accompany the text.

A. Regulation of Pornography -- A Historical Perspective

  1. Cases

    1. Federal
      • Bulter v. Michigan, 352 U.S. 380 (1957).
      • Chaplinsky v New Hampshire, 315 U.S. 568 (1942).
      • Hudnut v. American Booksellers Assn., No. 85-1090 slip op. (Feb. 24, 1986). Memoirs v. Massachusetts, 383 U.S. 413 (1965).
      • Miller v. California, 413 U.S. 15 (1973).
      • Paris Adult Theatre I v. Slaton, 413 U.S. 49 (1973).
      • Roth v. United States, 354 U.S. 476 (1957).
      • Smith v United States, 431 U.S. 291 (1977).
      • Stanley v. Georgia, 394 U.S. 557 (1969).
      • United States v. One Book Entitled Ulysses, 72 F. 2d 705 (2d Cir. 1934). American Booksellers Assn. v Hudnut, 598 F. Supp. 1316 (S.D. Ind. 1984).
      • United States v. Bennett, 24 F. Cas. 1093 (C.C.S.D.N.Y.) (1879).
      • United States v. Two Obscene Books, 99 F Supp. 760 (N.D. Col. 1951).
    2. State
      • Attorney General v Book Named "God's Little Acre", 326 Mass. 281, 93 N.E. 2d 819 (1950).
      • Commonwealth v. Friede, 271 Mass. 318, 171 N.E. 472 (1930).
      • Commonwealth v. Gordon, 66 Pa. D.C. 101 (Phila. 1949).
      • Commonwealth v. Homes, 17 Mass. 336 (1821).
      • Commonwealth v. Sharpless, 2 Serg. & Rawle 91 (1815).
      • People v. Friede, 223 N.Y.S. 565 (1929).
    3. Other
      • Dominus Rex v. Curll, 2 Str. 789, 93 Eng. Rep. 849 (1727).
      • King v Sedley, 1 Keble 620 (K.B.), 83 Eng. Rep. 1146 (1663) and 1 Sid. 168, 82 Eng. Rep. 1036 (1663).
      • Queen v. Read, 11 Mod. Rep. 142, 88 Eng. Rep. 953 (1708) and Fobescu's Reports 98, 91 Eng. Rep. 777 (1708).
      • Regina v. Hicklin, L.R. 3 Q.B. 360 (1868).
  2. Statutes

  3. Books

B. Production, Distribution, and Technology of Sexually Explicit Materials

  1. Cases

    1. Federal
      • Enslin v. Fulham, No. 83-137. Cir. -4 (E.D.N.C. 1984).
      • Hustler v. Gsell, Cir. Action No. R-74-1482 (   ).
    2. State
      • Trans-Lux Theater v. People ex. rel. Sweeton, 366 So. 2d No. (Ala. 1979).
  2. Statutes
  3. Books

  4. Periodicals

  5. Testimony

  6. Other Sources

C. Child Pornography

  1. Cases

    1. Federal

      • Central Hudson Gas & Electric Corp. v. Public Utility Service Commission of New York, 447 U.S. 557 (1980).
      • Miller v. California, 413 U.S., (1973), p. 15.
      • New York v Ferber, 458 U.S., (1982), p. 758.
      • Roth v. United States, 354 U.S., (1957), p. 476.
      • Stanley v. Georgia, 394 U.S., (1969), p. 557.
      • Wood v. Hustler Magazine, Inc., 736 F. 2d 1084 (5th cir. 1984).

    2. State

      • Ohio v. Meadows. No. 84 CRB 25585, Slip. op. (1st Dist. Dec. 18, 1985).

  2. Statutes and Rules

    1. Federal

      • 7 U.S.C. S 126n.
      • 7 U.S.C. S 1361.
      • 18 U.S.C. S 2251.
      • 18 U.S.C. S 2252.
      • 18 U.S.C. S 2255.
      • 42 U.S.C. S 3002.
      • 42 U.S.C. S 3003.
      • 42 U.S.C. S 3004.

  3. Books

  4. Articles

  5. Testimony

  6. Miscellaneous References

D. Social and Behavioral Science

E. Law Enforcement

  1. Case

    1. Federal

      • Carlin Communications, Inc. v. FCC, 749 F. 2d 113 (2d Cir. 1984).
      • CBS v. FCC, 435 U.S. 367 (1981).
      • Community Communication Co. v. City of Boulder, 660 F. 2d 1370 (10th circ. 1981), Cert. den. 457 U.S. 1105 (1982).
      • Community Television of Utah v. Roy City, 555 F. Supp. 1164 (D. Utah 1982).
      • FCC v. Pacifica Foundation, 438 U.S. 726 (1978).
      • Gulf Oil Corp. v. Copp Pawing Co., Inc., 419 U.S. 186 (1974).
      • HBO, Inc. v. Wilkinson, 531 F. Supp 987 (D. Utah 1982).
      • Kaplan v. California, 413 U.S. 15 (1973).
      • McLain v. Real Estate Board of New Orleans, 444 U.S. 232 (1978).
      • Memoirs v. Massachusetts, 383 U.S. 413 (1966).
      • Miller v. California, 413 U.S. 15 (1973).
      • National Broadcasting Co. v. United States, 319 U.S. 190 (1943).
      • Paris Adult Theatre I v. Staton, 413 U.S. 49 (1973).
      • Roth v. United States, 354 U.S. 476 (1957).
      • Stanley v. Georgia, 394 U.S. 557 (1969).
      • Turf Paradise, Inc, v Arizona Downs, 670 F. 2d 813 (9th Cir. 1982).
      • United States v. American Building Maintenance Industries, 422 U.S. 271 (1975). United States v. Reidel, 402 U.S. 351 (1971).
      • United States v. Roede, 526 F. 2d 736 (10th Cir. 1975), cert. den. 462 U.S. 905. United States v. 37 Photographs, 402 U.S. 363 (1971).
      • United States v. Wrightwood Dairy Co., 315 U.S. 110 (1942).
      • Wickard v. Filburn, 317 U.S. 111 (1942).

    2. States
      • Commonwealth v. Dufresne, C-19608 (Arlington Co., VA).
      • Commonwealth v Kind, C-19168 (Arlington Co., VA).
      • Commonwealth v. Martin, C-19568 (Cir. Ct. Arlington Co. VA).
      • People v. Fixle, 56 Cal. App. 31, 128 Cal. Rpt. 363 (1976).
      • Trans-Lux Theatre v. People ex. rel. Sweeton, 366 So.
      • 2d 710 (Ala. 1979).

    3. Other
      • In re WUHY-FM, 24 FCC 2d 408 (1970).

  2. Constitution and Statutes

    1. Federal
      • U.S. Const. art. I, S8, cl. 3.
      • 11 U.S.C. S303 (Supp. II, 1984).
      • 18 U.S.C. S492.
      • 18 U.S.C. S844.
      • 18 U.S.C. S881.
      • 18 U.S.C. S924.
      • 18 U.S.C. S1202.
      • 18 U.S.C. S1462.
      • 18 U.S.C. S1464.
      • 18 U.S.C. S1465.
      • 18 U.S.C. S1955.
      • 18 U.S.C. S1961.
      • 18 U.S.C. S1962 (West Supp. 1985).
      • 18 U.S.C. S1963 (West Supp. 1985).
      • 18 U.S.C. S2251.
      • 18 U.S.C. S2252.
      • 18 U.S.C. S2253.
      • 18 U.S.C. S2254.
      • 18 U.S.C. S2255.
      • 18 U.S.C. S2318.
      • 18 U.S.C. S2344.
      • 18 U.S.C. S2421.
      • 18 U.S.C. S2531.
      • 47 U.S.C. S223.
      • 47 U.S.C. S544.
      • 47 U.S.C. S559.

    2. States

      • Col. Penal Code S311 (West).

  3. Books

  4. Articles

  5. Testimony

  6. Miscellaneous References

F. First Amendment Considerations

  1. Cases

    1. Federal
      • Aday v. United States, 388 U.S. 447 (1967) reversing 357 F. 2d 855 (6th Cir. 1966).
      • Bigilow v. Virginia, 421 U.S. 809 (1975).
      • Books, Inc. v. United States, 388 U.S. 449 (1967), reversing 358 F. 2d 935 (1 Cir. 1966).
      • Brandenburg v. Ohio, 359 U.S. 444 (1969).
      • Brackett v. Spokane Arcades, Inc., 105 S.Ct. 2794 (1985).
      • Chaplinsky v. New Hampshire, 315 U.S. 568 (1942).
      • Childs v. Oregon, 401 U.S. 1006 (1971) reversing per curium 431 F. 2d 272 (9th Cir. 1970).
      • Cohen v. California, 403 U.S. 15.
      • Erzoznik v. City of Jacksonville, 422 U.S. 205 (1975).
      • Gelling v. Texas, 343 U.S. 960 (1952).
      • Ginsberg v. New York, 390 U.S. 629 (1968).
      • Ginzberg v. United States, 383 U.S. 463 (1966).
      • Hamling v. United States, 418 U.S. 87 (1974).
      • Hess v. Indiana, 414 U.S. 105 (1973).
      • Jacobellis v. Ohio, 378 U.S. 184 (1964).
      • Jenkins v. Georgia, 418 U.S. 153 (1974).
      • Joseph Burstyn, Inc. v. Wilson, 343 U.S. 495 (1952).
      • Kingsley International Pictures Corp. v. Regents, 352 U.S. 380 (1957).
      • Kois v. Wisconsin, 408 U.S. 229 (1972).
      • Miller v. California, 413 U.S. 15 (1973).
      • Mishkin v. New York, 383 U.S. 502 (1965).
      • New York v. Ferber, 458 U.S. 747 (1982).
      • New York Times v. Sullivan, 376 U.S. 254 (1964).
      • Paris Adult Theater I v. Slaton, 413 U.S. 49 (1973).
      • Pinkus v. United States, 436 U.S. 293 (1978).
      • Potomac News Co. v. United States, 389 U.S. 47 (1967) reversing 373 F. 2d 635 (4th Cir. 1967).
      • Redrup v. New York, U.S. 767 (1967).
      • Renton v. Paytime Theatres, Ship. op. No. 89-1360 (Feb. 25, 1986).
      • Rosen v. United States, 161 U.S. 29 (1896).
      • Roth v. United States, 354 U.S. 476 (1957).
      • Smith v. United States, 431 U.S. 291 (1977).
      • Ward v. Illinois, 431 U.S. 767 (1977).
      • Winter v. New York, 333 U.S. 507 (1948).
      • Young v. American Mini-Theatres, 427 U.S. 50 (1976).
      • Childs v. Oregon, 431 F. 2d 272 (9th Cir. 1970.).
      • Eastman Kodak Co. v. Hendricks, 262 F. 2d 393 (9th Cir. 1958).
      • Flying Eagles Publications v. United States, 273 F. 2d 799 (1st. Cir. 1960). Hunt v. Keriakos, 428 F. 2d 606 (1st. Cir. 1970). Cert. den. 400 U.S. 929.
      • J.R. Distributors Inc. v. Eskenberry, 725 F. 2d 482 (9th Cir. 1984).
      • Luros v. United States, 389 F. 2d 200 (8th Cir. 1968).
      • Miller v. United States, 431 F. 2d 655 (9th Cir. 1970).
      • Miller v. United States, 507 F. 2d 1100 (9th Cir. 1974). Cert. den. 95 S.Ct. 2620 (1975).
      • Penthouse International Ltd. v. McAuliffe, 610 F. 2d 1553 (5th Cir. 1980).
      • Randy Studebaker v. Nissan, 533 F. 2d 510 (10th Cir. 1976).
      • United States v. Alexander, 498 F. 2d 934 (2d Cir. 1974).
      • United States v. American Theater Corp., 526 F. 2d 48 (8th Cir. 1975).
      • United States v. Bonanov, 418 F. 2d 1051 (9th Cir. 1969).
      • United States v. Bagnell, 674 F. 2d 826 (11th Cir. 1982). Cert. den. 103 S.Ct. 1449.
      • United States v. Battishi, 464 F. 2d 237 (6th Cir. 1981).
      • United States v. Bettork, 646 F. 2d 237 (6th Cir. 1981).
      • United States v. Bush, 582 F. 2d 1016 (5th Cir. 1978).
      • United States v. Central Magazine Sales Limited, 381 F. 2d 821 (4th Cir. 1967). United States v. Donley, 523 F. 2d 364 (9th Cir. 1975).
      • United States v. Dochsteiner, 518 F. 2d 20 (9th Cir. 1975).
      • United States v. Dost, 575 F. 2d 1303 (10th Cir. 1978).
      • United States v. Friedman, 506 F. 2d 511 (8th Cir. 1974).
      • United States v. Gower, 503 F. 2d 189 (D.C. Cir. 1974).
      • United States v. Hoffman, 502 F. 2d 419 (D.C. Cir. 1974).
      • United States v. Keller, 259 F. 2d 54 (3d Cir. 1958).
      • United States v. Longford, 688 F. 2d 1088 (7th Cir. 1982).
      • United States v. Manerith, 448 F. 2d 583 (2d Cir. 1971).
      • United States v. Merrill, 746 F. 2d 458 (9th Cir. 1984).
      • United States v. Miller, 455 F. 2d 899, 505 F. 2d 1247 (9th Cir. 1972, 1974). United States v. Obscene Film, Cards, & Magazines, 541 F. 2d 810 (9th Cir. 1976).
      • United States v. One Reel of Film, 481 F. 2d 206 (1st Cir. 1973).
      • United States v. Palladino, 475 F. 2d 65 (1st Cir. 1973).
      • United States v. Pellezhno, 467 F. 2d 41 (9th Cir. 1972).
      • United States v. Petrov, 747 F. 2d 824 (2d Cir. 1984).
      • United States v. Pryba, 502 F. 2d 391 (D.C. Cir. 1974). Cert. den. 95 S.Ct. 815 (1975).
      • United States v. Ratner, 502 F. 2d 1300 (5th Cir. 1974).
      • United States v. Sandy, 605 F. 2d 210 (6th Cir. 1979).
      • United States v. Themis, 484 F. 2d 1149 (5th Cir. 1973).
      • United States v. 35 mm Motion Picture Film, F. 2d (2d Cir. 1970).
      • United States v. Thomas, 613 F. 2d 787 (10th Cir. 1980).
      • United States v. 2200 Paperback Books, 565 F. 2d 556 (9th Cir. 1977).
      • United States v. Various Articles, 709 F. 2d 132 (2d Cir. 1983).
      • United States v. Various Articles, 750 F. 2d 296 (7th Cir. 1984).
      • United States v. Womack, 509 F.2d 368 (D.C. Cir. 1974). Cert. den. 95 S.Ct. 2644 (1975).
      • Henley v. Wise, 303 F. Supp. 62 (N.D. Ind. 1969).
      • McKenzie v. Butler, 398 F. Supp. 1319 (W.D. Tex. 1975).
      • Penthouse International v. Webb, 594 F. Supp. 1186 (N.D. Ga. 1984).
      • Right to Read Committee v. School Committee, 454 F. Supp. 703 (D. Mass. 1978). Salvail v. Nashua Board of Education, 469 F. Supp. 69 (D.N.H. 1979).
      • United States v. Geadwell, 373 F. Supp. 247 (N.D. Ohio 1974).
      • United States v. Gundlack, 345 F. Supp. 709 (W.D. Pa. 1972).
      • United States v. Marks, 364 F. Supp. 1022 (E.D. Ky. 1973) aff'd 520 F.2d 913 (6th Cir. 1975) rev'd on other grounds, 430 U.S. 188 (1977).
      • United States v. Stewart, 377 F. Supp. 299 (E.D. Pa. 1971).
      • Weissbaum v. Hammon, 439 F. Supp. 873 (N.D. Ill, 1977).
      • Zippo v. Rogers, 216 F. Supp. 670 (S.D.N.Y. 1963).

    2. State
      • Andrews v. State, 639 S.W. 2d 4 (Tex. App. 1982).
      • Attorney General v. Book Named John Cleland's Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure, 349 Mass. 69, 206 N.F.2d 403, rev'd on other grounds, 383 U.S. 413 (1966).
      • Beir v. State, 681 S.W.2d 124 (Tex. Cr. App. 1984).
      • Brozelton v. State, 282 So.2d 342 (Ala. Ct. Cr. App. 1973).
      • Burns v. State, 512 S.W. 2d 928 (Ark. 1974).
      • Carlock v. Texas, 604 S.W.2d 787 (Crm. App. 1980).
      • City of Belleville v. Morgan, 376 N.E.2d 704 (Ill. 1974).
      • City of Chicago v. Universal Publishing and Dist. Corp., 34 Ill.2d 250, 215 N.E.2d 251 (1966).
      • City of Phoenix v. The., 4 Ariz. App. 303, 420 P.2d 26 (1966).
      • City of Rochester v. Carlson, 202 N.W.2d 632 (Minn. 1972).
      • Commonwealth v. Croll, 480 A.2d 266 (Pa. 1984).
      • Commonwealth v. 767 Main Corp., 357 N.E.2d 753 (Mass. 1976).
      • Commonwealth v. 707 Main Corp., 357 N.E.2d 753 (Mass. 1976).
      • Commonwealth v. Trainer, 374 N.E.2d 1216 (Mass. 1978).
      • Dawson v. State, 288 So.2d 483 (Fla. 1973).
      • Dixon v. Minn. Ct. of San Francisco, 267 Cal. App. 2d 784, 73 Cal. Rptr. 587. Dyke v. Georgia, 209 S.E. 2d 166 (1974).
      • Garcia v. State, 663 S.W. 2d 611 (Tex. App. 1982).
      • Harlow v. City of Birmingham, 296 So. 2d 202 (Ala. Ct. Cr. App. 1974).
      • Herman v. Arkansas, 512 S.W.2d 923 (Ark. 1974).
      • Hewitt v. State Bd. of Censors, 254 A.2d 203 (Md. 1969).
      • Illinois v. Ridens, 282 N.E. 2d 691 (1972). Cert. den. 95 S.Ct. 2000 (1975). Kaplan v. United States, 311 A. 2d 506 (D.C. App. 1973).
      • LaRue v. State, 611 S.W. 2d 63 (Tex. Cir. App. 1980).
      • Louisiana v. Short, 368 So. 2d 1078 (La. 1974).
      • McKinney v. City of Birmingham, 296 So. 2d 197 (Ala. 1973).
      • New Riviera Arts Theatre v. State, 412 S.W. 2d 890 (1967).
      • New York v. Buckley, 307 N.E. 2d 805 (1973).
      • North Carolina v. Bryant, 203 S.E. 2d 36 (N.C. 1974). Cert. den. 95 S. Ct. 238. North Carolina v. Hara, 203 S.E. 2d 27 (N.C. 1974). Cert. den. 95 S. Ct. 238. Orito v. State, 191 N.W. 2d 763 (Wisc. 1972).
      • People v. Better, 337 N.E. 2d 272 (Ill. 1975).
      • People v. Bloss, 201 N.W. 2d 806 (March 1972).
      • People v. Colgud, Inc., 402 N.E. 2d 1140 (N.Y. 1980).
      • People v. Crompa, 394 N.V.S. 2d 727 (1977).
      • People v. Enskat, 109 col. Rptr, 433 Cal. 3d 900 (1973). Cert. den. 418 U.S. 937.
      • People v. Fenkelstein, 9 N.Y. 2d 342, 174 N.E. 2d 470 (1961).
      • People v. Mature Enterprises, Inc., 343 N.Y.S. 2d 911 (1973).
      • People v. Nelson, 410 N.E. 2d 476 (N.E. 1980).
      • People v. Ridens, 321 N.E. 2d 264 (N.E. 1974). Cert. den. 421 U.S. 993.
      • People v. Rode, 57 Ill. App. 3d 649, 373 N.E. 2d 605 (1968).
      • People v. Sarnblad, 26 Cal App. 3d 801, 103 Cal. Rptr. 211 (1972).
      • People v. Speer, 52 Ill. App. 203, 367 N.E. 2d 372 (1977).
      • People v. Tannahill, 38 Ill. App. 3d 767, 348 N.E. 2d 84.
      • People v. Thomas, 346 N.E. 2d 190 (Ill. 1976).
      • Peters v. State, 449 N.E. 2d 311 (Ind. App. 1983).
      • Pierce v. State, 244 S.E. 2d 589 (Ga).
      • Pierce v. State, 296 So. 2d 218 (Ala.).
      • Price v. Commonwealth, 201 S.E. 2d 798 (Na. 1974). Cert. den. 419 U.S. 902. Sanza v. State Bd. of Censors, 226 A. 2d 317 (Md. 1967).
      • Sedelbawer v. Indiana, 428 N.E. 2d 206 (Md. 1981). Cert. den. 455 U.S. 1035. Slaton v. Paris Adult Theater I, 201 S.E. 2d 456 (Ga.).
      • Spry v. State, 156 Ga. App. 74, 274 S.E. 2d 2 (1983).
      • State v. American Theater Corp, 230 N.W. 2d 209 (Web. 1976).
      • State v. Benett, 292 S.E. 2d 590 (1982).
      • State v. Boyd, 300 N.E. 2d 752 (Ohio App. 1972).
      • State v. Burgun, 384 N.E. 2d 255 (Ohio 1978).
      • State v. Cardwell, 339 P. 2d 169 (Or. App.).
      • State v. DePiano, 375 A. 2d 1169 (N.J. 1977).
      • State v. Great American Theater Co., 608 P. 2d 951 (1980).
      • State v. Hull, 86 Wash. 2d 527, 546 P 2d 912.
      • State v. Lebovitz, 202 N.W. 2d 648 (Minn. 1972).
      • State v. Lewitt, 222 A. 2d 579 (Ct. App. Conn. 1966).
      • State v. Little AA Corp., 191 Neb. 448, 215 N.W. 2d 853 (1974).
      • State v. Motion Picture, 547 P 2d 760 (Kan.).
      • State v. Walden Book Co., 386 So. 2d 342 (La. 1980).
      • Trans-Lux Corp. v. Start ex rel. Sweeton, 366 So. 2d 710 (1979).
      • Velag Books, Inc. v. State's Attorney, 282 A. 2d 124 (Md. 1971).
      • Volkland v. State, 510 S.W. 2d 585 (Tex.).
      • Washington v. J-R Distributors, Inc., 512 P. 2d 1049 (1973). Cert. den. 418 U.S. 949 (1974).

  2. Constitutions

    1. Statutes

      • U.S. Const. Amend. I.
      • Wash. Rev. Code S7 48A 010.

  3. Books

  4. Articles

G. Organized Crime

  1. Cases
    1. Federal

      • United States v. Guarino, 83-736, CV ESP-3P (Fla.).
      • United States v. Sovereign News Co., (W.D. Ky.).
      • United States v. Sturman, CR 85-133 (N.D. Ohio).
      • United States v. Thevis, 655 F. 2d 616 (5th Cir. 1983).

  2. Articles

  3. Testimony

  4. Miscellaneous References

H. Community, Citizen, and Corporate Action and Responsibility

  1. Cases

    1. Federal
      • Miller v. California, 413 U.S. 15 (1973).
      • NAACP v. Claibourne Hardware Co., 458 U.S. 886 (1982).
      • Renton v. Playtime Theatres, Inc., No. 84-1360, ship op. (Feb. 25, 1986). Missouri v. National Organization for Women, 670 F. 2d 1301 (8th Cr. 1980).

  2. Testimony

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